VoIP service threshold determination by wireless router

ABSTRACT

A wireless router establishes a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) that supports wireless communications within a WLAN service area. The wireless router establishes broadband communications via a broadband connection with a Voice over IP (VoIP) service accumulator. The wireless router receives a query from the VoIP service accumulator requesting information regarding the prior servicing of, or ability to service, VoIP calls by the wireless router. In response, the VoIP service accumulator receives information regarding the prior servicing of, or ability to service, VoIP calls. The wireless router and the VoIP service accumulator subsequently service VoIP calls within the WLAN based upon the information regarding the prior servicing of, or ability to service, VoIP calls by the wireless router.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present U.S. Utility Patent Application claims priority pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §120, as a continuation, to the following U.S. Utility Patent Application which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety and made part of the present U.S. Utility Patent Application for all purposes:

-   1. U.S. Utility application Ser. No. 12/127,692, entitled “VoIP     Service Threshold Determination by Home Wireless Router,”filed May     27, 2008, now issued on Dec. 27, 2011, as U.S. Pat. No. 8,086,243,     which claims priority pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §120, as a continuation,     to the following U.S. Utility Patent Application which is hereby     incorporated herein by reference in its entirety and made part of     the present U.S. Utility Patent Application for all purposes: -   a. U.S. Utility application Ser. No. 10/858,232, entitled “VoIP     Service Threshold Determination by Home Wireless Router,”filed Jun.     1, 2004, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,382,791, on Jun. 3, 2008.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates generally to Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs); and more particularly to the servicing of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) communications by WLANs.

BACKGROUND

Communication technologies that link electronic devices in a networked fashion are well known. Examples of communication networks include wired packet data networks, wireless packet data networks, wired telephone networks, wireless telephone networks, and satellite communication networks, among other networks. These communication networks typically include a network infrastructure that services a plurality of client devices. The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is probably the best-known communication network that has been in existence for many years. The Internet is another well-known example of a communication network that has also been in existence for a number of years. These communication networks enable client devices to communicate with one another other on a global basis. Wired Local Area Networks (wired LANs), for example, Ethernets, are also quite common and support communications between networked computers and other devices within a serviced area. Wired LANs also often link serviced devices to Wide Area Networks and the Internet. Each of these networks is generally considered a “wired” network, even though some of these networks, for example, the PSTN, may include some transmission paths that are serviced by wireless links.

Wireless networks have been in existence for a relatively shorter period. Cellular telephone networks, wireless LANs (WLANs), and satellite communication networks, among others, are examples of wireless networks. Relatively common forms of WLANs are IEEE 802.11a networks, IEEE 802.11b networks, and IEEE 802.11g networks, referred to jointly as “IEEE 802.11 networks.” In a typical IEEE 802.11 network, a wired backbone couples to a plurality of Wireless Access Points (WAPs), each of which supports wireless communications with computers and other wireless terminals that include compatible wireless interfaces within a serviced area. The wired backbone couples the WAPs of the IEEE 802.11 network to other networks, both wired and/or wireless, and allows serviced wireless terminals to communicate with devices external to the IEEE 802.11 network.

WLANs provide significant advantages when servicing portable devices such as portable computers, portable data terminals, and other devices that are not typically stationary and able to access a wired LAN connection. However, WLANs provide relatively low data rate service as compared to wired LANs, for example, IEEE 802.3 networks. Currently deployed wired LANs provide up to one Gigabit/second bandwidth and relatively soon, wired LANs will provide up to 10 Gigabit/second bandwidths. However, because of their advantages in servicing portable devices, WLANs are often deployed so that they support wireless communications in a service area that overlays with the service area of a wired LAN. In such installations, devices that are primarily stationary, for example, desktop computers, couple to the wired LAN while devices that are primarily mobile, for example, laptop computers, couple to the WLAN. The laptop computer, however, may also have a wired LAN connection that it uses when docked to obtain relatively higher bandwidth service.

Other devices may also use the WLAN to service their communication needs. One such device is a WLAN phone, for example, an IEEE 802.11 phone that uses the WLAN to service its voice communications. The WLAN communicatively couples the IEEE 802.11 phone to other phones across the PSTN, other phones across the Internet, other IEEE 802.11 phones, and/or to other phones via various communication paths. IEEE 802.11 phones provide excellent voice quality and may be used in all areas serviced by the WLAN. Typically, the IEEE 802.11 phones support a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) application. Thus, hereinafter, IEEE 802.11 phones may be also referred to as WLAN VoIP terminals.

Significant problems exist, however, when using a WLAN to support VoIP calls. Because WLANs typically service both VoIP calls and data communications, the WLAN may not have sufficient wireless capacity to satisfy the low-latency requirements of the voice communication. The wireless capacity limitations are oftentimes exacerbated by channel access rules imposed in many IEEE 802.11 installations. Further, roaming within a WLAN (between WAPs) can introduce significant gaps in service, such gaps in service violating the low-latency requirements of the voice communication.

Wireless routers oftentimes service WLANs (serve as Wireless Access Points (WAPs)) within a residential setting. The wireless routers typically couple to the Internet via a cable modem or other broadband connection. The cable modem network capacity, however, is shared by a relatively large number of users and the availability of capacity to service communications between the wireless router and the Internet varies over time. The limitations of this connection compromise the ability of the wireless router to adequately service VoIP calls, even when the wireless router's serviced WLAN has sufficient capacity. Such is the case because VoIP calls typically require a minimum of 64 Kbps for satisfactory service. When the broadband connection is a DSL connection at 384 kbps, for example, this limitation is even more pronounced.

Thus, there is a need in the art for improvements in the operation and management of WLAN devices, including wireless routers, when servicing VoIP calls.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a system diagram illustrating a communication system constructed and operating according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a system diagram illustrating a plurality of wireless routers and their connection to a broadband network;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a wireless router constructed and operating according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a wireless terminal that services Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) operations according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating the operation of a wireless router according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating operation according to the present invention in handing over a VoIP call from a cellular network to a WLAN;

FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating operation according to the present invention in servicing both WLAN and broadband encryption schemes;

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating the manner in which WLAN encryption schemes and broadband encryption schemes are serviced according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a flow chart illustrating the operation of a wireless router according to another aspect of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a flow chart illustrating the operation of a wireless router according to still another aspect of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a graph illustrating one technique for collecting information regarding a wireless router's prior servicing of VoIP calls according to the present invention;

FIGS. 12A and 12B are graphs illustrating one technique for collecting information regarding the wireless router's capability of servicing a VoIP call with an acceptable service quality level; and

FIG. 13 is a graph illustrating information collected by a wireless router and used to determine at least one preferred channel for servicing a VoIP call.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Provided is a wireless router services Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) calls by cooperatively interacting with other system components. The wireless router establishes a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) that supports wireless communications within a WLAN service area. The wireless router then establishes broadband communications via a broadband connection with a VoIP service accumulator. The wireless router then services a plurality of wireless terminals within the WLAN service area, the plurality of wireless terminals including at least one Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) wireless terminal.

In its operations, the wireless router receives a query from the VoIP service accumulator requesting information regarding the wireless router's prior servicing of VoIP calls. In response, the wireless router responds to the VoIP service accumulator with information regarding the wireless router's prior servicing of VoIP calls. The wireless router and the VoIP service accumulator subsequently service VoIP calls within the WLAN based upon the information regarding the wireless router's prior servicing of VoIP calls. Such servicing may include limiting the wireless router's servicing of VoIP calls based upon this information.

The information regarding the wireless router's prior servicing of VoIP calls indicates a percentage of a prior period during which the wireless router serviced at least one VoIP call. In another aspect, the information indicates a percentage of a prior period during which the wireless router serviced a VoIP call with adequate service quality. In still another aspect, the information indicates a percentage of a prior period during which the wireless router serviced a VoIP call with inadequate service quality.

In a further aspect, the wireless router receives a query from the VoIP service accumulator requesting information regarding the wireless router's capability of servicing a VoIP call with an acceptable service quality level. In response, the wireless router responds to the VoIP service accumulator with information regarding the wireless router's capability of servicing a VoIP call with an acceptable service quality level. The information regarding the wireless router's capability of servicing a VoIP call with an acceptable service quality, for example, indicates a percentage of a prior period during which the wireless router was capable of servicing a VoIP call with an acceptable service quality level. In another example, this information indicates a percentage of a prior period during which the wireless router was incapable of servicing a VoIP call with an acceptable service quality level.

A cable modem network may service the broadband connection. In this instance, the VoIP service accumulator may be an element of the cable modem network. In other instances, the broadband connection is a wireless connection such as a fixed wireless connection, a cellular network connection, or a microwave connection. In still other instances, the broadband connection may be an optical connection, a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) connection, a DSL2 connection, an Asymmetric DSL (ADSL) connection, or an ADSL2 connection. In each of these, the VoIP service accumulator is typically an element within the servicing broadband network.

The method may further include the wireless router determining that a cellular network is servicing the VoIP call. In such a case, the wireless network also determines that the VoIP wireless terminal has roamed into the WLAN service area. When these determinations are made, the wireless router may determine that handover of the VoIP call to the WLAN is desired and interact with the cellular network to service handover the VoIP call from the cellular network to the WLAN.

A method may include the wireless router scanning through supported Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) channels to determine at least one preferred channel for servicing a VoIP call and the wireless router subsequently using the at least one preferred channel for servicing the VoIP call. The method may also include sending a bandwidth reservation request to the VoIP service accumulator to reserve capacity on the broadband connection for servicing of the VoIP call and receiving a bandwidth reservation response from the VoIP service accumulator to confirm reservation of capacity on the broadband connection for servicing of the VoIP call.

The wireless router typically includes a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) interface, a broadband interface, and a processing unit communicatively coupled to the WLAN interface and to the broadband interface. The wireless router further includes memory, internal interfaces, and other internal components. The wireless router may further include an encryption/decryption accelerator used in servicing the broadband encryption scheme corresponding to the broadband connection.

FIG. 1 is a system diagram illustrating a communication system 100 constructed and operating according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 the system 100 supports Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) communications within at least one WLAN service area wireless routers 102 and 104 each service wireless WLAN communications for respective WLAN service areas. Wireless router 102 supports WLAN communications with wireless terminal 114A, wireless terminal 116A (laptop computer), and wireless terminal 118B (desktop computer). Likewise, wireless router 104 supports WLAN communications within its respective WLAN service area. In supporting WLAN communications, wireless router 104 supports wireless communications with wireless terminals 114B, 116B, and 118B. As the reader will appreciate, the numbers and types of wireless terminals that may be supported by the wireless routers 102 and 104 vary from installation-to-installation.

Wireless routers 102 and 104 support WLAN communications according to a standardized communication protocol. The WLAN communication protocol may be one or more of IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n, and/or another WLAN communication standard. Further, wireless router 102 may support Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) communications via the Bluetooth communication standard, the IEEE 802.15 standard, or another communication standard.

Each of wireless routers 102 and 104 couples to a broadband network via a broadband connection. In a first embodiment, a wired broadband network 106 services the broadband connections for the wireless routers 102 and 104. The broadband network 106 may be a cable modem network or another wired network that provides the broadband connection, for example, a DSL connection, a DSL2 connection, an ADSL connection, or an ADSL2 connection, for example. In another embodiment, a wireless broadband network 108 services the broadband connections for the wireless routers 102 and 104. In such case, the wireless broadband network 108 may be a cellular wireless network that provides high speed data service, for example, Code Division Multiplex Access 2000 (CDMA2000), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), etc., a microwave network, a fixed wireless network, or another wireless connection. Still alternately, the broadband connection may be serviced via an optical network. In still another embodiment, the wired broadband network 106 services one broadband connection while the wireless broadband network 108 services another broadband connection. In any case, the WLAN VoIP service accumulator 120 will typically be an element of, or coupled to the wired broadband network 106 and/or the wireless broadband network 108.

The wireless routers 102 and/or 104, the broadband networks 106 and/or 108, a WLAN Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) voice accumulator 120, and the Internet 110 (among other components) service VoIP calls for wireless terminals 114A, 114B, 116A, 116B, 118A, and 118B. The wireless routers 102 and 104 determine particular needs of the wireless terminals 114A, 114B, 116A, 116B, 118A, and 118B and service the VoIP calls accordingly. The wireless routers 102 and 104 operate in cooperation with the WLAN VoIP service accumulator 120 to meet these needs. These operations will be described further herein with reference to FIGS. 2-8.

According to another aspect of the present invention, at least one of the wireless terminals has dual wireless interfaces. One of the wireless interfaces allows a wireless terminal to interface with a cellular network 112 while another of the wireless interfaces allows the wireless terminal to interface with one of the wireless routers 102 and 104. Operation according to the present invention includes handing over a VoIP call from the cellular network 112 to a WLAN serviced by either wireless router 102 or 104. Another operation includes handing over a VoIP call serviced by wireless router 102 or 104 to the cellular network 112.

FIG. 2 is a system diagram illustrating a plurality of wireless routers and their connection to a broadband network. Each of wireless routers 202A-202E services a corresponding WLAN service area 204A-204E, respectively. Each of the wireless routers 202A-202E couples to WLAN VoIP service accumulator 120 via wired broadband network 106. In an alternate embodiment, one or more of the wireless routers 202A-202E couples to the WLAN VoIP service accumulator 120 via a wireless broadband network 108 (as illustrated in FIG. 1). In combination, the WLAN service areas 204A-204E form a combined WLAN service area as illustrated. According to some aspects of the present embodiment, the WLAN VoIP service accumulator 120 works in conjunction with the wireless router 202A-202E to provide wireless service in the combined WLAN service area formed by the plurality of individual WLAN service areas 204A-204E.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a wireless router constructed and operating according to the present embodiment. The wireless router 102 (104, 202A-202E) includes a processing unit 304, Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) 306, Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) 308, Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM) 310, and storage 312. The processing unit 304 may be a microprocessor, a digital signal processor, a collection of microprocessors and/or digital signal processors, and/or any type of processing unit that is known to be able to execute software instructions and interface with other components. The DRAM 306, SRAM 308, and EPROM 310 are examples of types of memory that may be used in conjunction with the processing unit 304. The storage 312 may be hard-disk storage, tape storage, optical storage, or other types of storage that stores digital information that may be operated upon or executed by processing unit 304.

Wireless router instructions (HWRI) 316 are stored in storage 312 and executed by processing unit 304 as HWRI 314. During certain portions of their execution, HWRI 316 may be written to one or more of DRAM 306, SRAM 308, and/or EPROM 310 prior to loading into the processing unit 304 as HWRI 314. The storage, loading, and execution of software instructions are generally known and will not be described further herein, except as it relates particularly to the operations of the present embodiment.

The processing unit 304, DRAM 306, SRAM 308, EPROM 310, and storage 312 intercouple via one or more processor buses 320. Processor bus 320 couples to peripheral bus 322 via interface 318. Coupled to peripheral bus 322 are wired broadband interface 324, WLAN interface 326, WPAN interface 330, and other components that may be present in various embodiments of the wireless router. The wired broadband interface 324 interfaces to the broadband connection, which couples the wireless router 102 to a broadband network, for example, a cable network, an optical network, or another type of broadband network. The wireless router 102 may also/alternatively include a wireless broadband network interface 328 and antenna 340 that provide a broadband wireless connection to a wireless broadband network.

The WLAN interface 326 couples to antenna 338 and services the WLAN within a WLAN service area of the wireless router 102, as previously described with reference to FIG. 2. The WLAN interface 326, as was previously described, supports one or more of various WLAN protocol standards. Such protocol standards may include the IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, and/or IEEE 802.11n protocol standards. The wireless router 102 may further include the WPAN interface 330 that services a WPAN network about the wireless router 102. The WPAN interface 330 services the Bluetooth protocol standard, the IEEE 802.15 protocol standard, or another similar standard.

According to one aspect of the present embodiment, the wireless router 102 services multiple types of encryption and decryption operations. Particularly, the wireless router 102 supports WLAN encryption operations for serviced VoIP wireless terminals and broadband encryption operations for the broadband network. Thus, in some embodiments, the wireless router 102 includes a hardware encryption/decryption accelerator 344 for servicing the WLAN encryption operations and/or the broadband encryption/decryption operations. In some cases, the processing unit 304 services the WLAN encryption/decryption operations and/or the broadband encryption operations.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a wireless terminal that services VoIP operations according to the present embodiment. The VoIP wireless terminal 400 includes a WLAN interface 404 and may include a cellular interface 402. The WLAN interface 404 couples to antenna 408 and services WLAN communications with a wireless router 102 or 104 as illustrated in FIG. 1. The cellular interface 402 and antenna 406 service communications with a cellular network 112 as illustrated in FIG. 1. Depending upon the particular construct of the VoIP wireless terminal 400, the cellular interface 402 may support a TDMA standard, for example, IS-136, GSM, et cetera, a CDMA standard, for example, IS-95A, IS-95B, 1XRTT, 1XEV-DO, 1XEV-DV, et cetera, or another cellular interface standard.

The VoIP wireless terminal 400 further includes a processing unit 410, memory 412, a user interface 416, and a battery 418. The processing unit may be a microprocessor, a digital signal processor, a combination of a microprocessor and digital signal processor or another type of processing device. The memory 412 may be SRAM, DRAM, or another type of memory that is generally known. Stored in memory 412 are Wireless Terminal Instructions (WTIs) that are loaded into processing unit 410 for execution. These WTIs 414 may include WLAN and/or broadband encryption algorithm operations according to the present embodiment, as well as other instructions that cause the VoIP wireless terminal 400 to support VoIP operations. User interface 416 includes the display, keyboard, speaker/microphone, and a data interface. The data interface may be a wireless personal area network (WPAN) interface such as the Bluetooth interface or an IEEE 802.15 interface. Battery 418 provides power for the components of the VoIP wireless terminal.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating the operation of a wireless router according to the present embodiment. Operations commence with the wireless router establishing a WLAN within a WLAN service area (step 502). Generally, a WLAN is established according to the standardized protocol operations set forth in the relevant operating standards, which have been previously described. The WLAN service area is typically setup about the wireless router. Next, operation includes establishing broadband communications via a broadband connection with a VoIP service accumulator (step 504). This broadband connection will be a wired connection, a wireless connection, or an optical connection. As was previously described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the broadband connection may be serviced by a cable modem network, an optical link, etc. Further, the broadband connection may be a wireless point-to-point connection.

Operation continues with servicing a plurality of wireless terminals within the WLAN service area. Such servicing will include servicing at least one VoIP wireless terminal in the WLAN service area (step 506). Operation next includes determining that a VoIP wireless terminal desires VoIP call servicing within the WLAN service area (step 508). Upon making this determination, a bandwidth reservation request is sent from the wireless router to the VoIP service accumulator via the broadband connection. The bandwidth reservation request is made in an attempt to reserve capacity on the broadband connection for servicing of the VoIP call of the VoIP wireless terminal (step 510). This bandwidth reservation request may conform to the resource reservation protocol (RSVP) operations. When the data reservation request conforms to the RSVP operations, servicing of the VoIP call for the VoIP wireless terminal may proceed according to the real batch time to transport protocol (RTP).

Operation continues in receiving a bandwidth reservation response from the VoIP service accumulator to confirm reservation of capacity of the broadband connection for servicing of the VoIP call (step 512). Again, the operations at step 512 may conform to the RSVP operations and in such case servicing the call may correspond to the RTP operations. Finally, with the bandwidth on the broadband connection reserved, operation includes servicing the VoIP call for the VoIP wireless terminal via the WLAN and the broadband connection (step 514). The VoIP call is serviced until terminated by either the VoIP wireless terminal or the far end VoIP terminal coupled via the Internet 110 or the broadband network.

FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating operation of the present embodiment in handing over a VoIP call from a cellular network to a WLAN. The operation of FIG. 6 commences with a VoIP wireless terminal roaming within a WLAN service area of a corresponding wireless router (step 602). When the VoIP wireless terminal roams into the WLAN service area, the VoIP wireless terminal registers with the wireless router servicing the WLAN service area (step 604). When the VoIP terminal roams into a WLAN service area, or at some time thereafter, the VoIP wireless terminal requests VoIP call service from the WLAN (step 606). Prior to servicing the VoIP call service request, the wireless router determines whether WLAN and broadband connection capacity is available for such servicing (step 608). In making this determination, the wireless router may consider channel usage within the WLAN service area and/or its current broadband connection usage.

If either the WLAN or the broadband connection does not have sufficient capacity to service the VoIP call, the wireless terminal is denied access to the WLAN for VoIP call servicing. However, if capacity is available on both of these segments, the operation of FIG. 5 may be employed to request capacity on the broadband connection and to be granted capacity on the broadband connection (step 610). With the capacity of the broadband connection granted, it is next determined whether handover of the VoIP call from the cellular network is desired (step 612).

Handover of the VoIP call is only required if an ongoing VoIP call is being serviced by the cellular network. When the wireless terminal simply desires to initiate a VoIP call within the WLAN, no such handover is required. However, if handover of the VoIP call is required from the cellular network to the WLAN, such operation is completed (step 614). In order to handover the VoIP call from the cellular network to WLAN, interaction with the cellular network 112 is required. Interaction with the cellular network requires signaling between the wireless router and a signaling element of the cellular network 112. This signaling may alternately be provided by the VoIP service accumulator instead of directly between the wireless router with the cellular network 112. In such case, the VoIP service accumulator acts as an agent for the wireless router. When handoff is completed (from step 614) or when handoff is not required (from step 612), the wireless router services the VoIP call until completion (step 616). From step 616, operation is completed.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating operation in servicing both WLAN and broadband encryption schemes. Referring now to FIG. 7, when servicing a VoIP call for a wireless terminal, a particular encryption scheme may be employed by the VoIP wireless terminal. The WLAN interface of the wireless router will typically support one or more encryption schemes. Currently, WLANs support various WLAN encryption schemes. One particular WLAN encryption scheme is the Wired Equivalency Privacy (WEP) encryption protocol. Another WLAN encryption scheme is the Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) encryption protocol. The WPA encryption protocol is similar to the IEEE 802.11i encryption protocol, which may be referred to as WPA2. Each of these WLAN encryption schemes provides some security for WLAN VoIP calls. These types of WLAN encryption schemes, however, are typically less secure than broadband encryption schemes serviced by other types of communication devices. According to one aspect of the present embodiment, WLAN encryption schemes are supported for WLAN communications while broadband encryption schemes are supported for communications on the broadband connection.

Thus, when the wireless router initially services a VoIP call for a VoIP wireless terminal, the wireless router identifies a WLAN encryption scheme that the VoIP wireless terminal supports (step 702). In other operations, the wireless router will presume a particular WLAN encryption scheme that the VoIP wireless terminal supports. The wireless router then determines whether it supports the WLAN encryption scheme of the VoIP wireless terminal (step 704). If the wireless router does support the WLAN encryption scheme employed by the VoIP wireless terminal, the wireless router sets up the WLAN encryption scheme for servicing (step 706).

Next, from both step 706 and from a negative determination at step 704, the wireless router optionally requests and is granted capacity on the broadband connection for servicing of the VoIP call (step 708). Then, in servicing the VoIP call for the VoIP wireless terminal, the wireless router sets up a broadband encryption scheme for subsequent communications via the broadband connection (step 710). Finally, the wireless router services the VoIP call until completion using a WLAN encryption scheme for the WLAN link and a broadband encryption scheme for the broadband connection (step 712). Thus, WLAN wireless communications between the VoIP wireless terminal and the wireless router are protected by a WLAN encryption scheme while the wired communications and the broadband connection are protected by a broadband encryption scheme.

Referring again to FIG. 3, the broadband encryption scheme(s) may be implemented and serviced by the hardware encryption/decryption accelerator 344. Further, the processing unit 304 of the wireless router 102 via its HWRI 314 may service one or both of the encryption schemes.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating the manner in which WLAN encryption schemes and broadband encryption schemes. The protocol layer operations of the VoIP wireless terminal, the wireless router, and a broadband network element, for example, the VoIP service accumulator are illustrated. Protocol layers supported by the VoIP wireless terminal include upper layers 802, layers 2 and 3 804, and layer 1 808. In the embodiment of FIG. 8, the WLAN encryption scheme 806 is implemented in layer 2 and/or layer 3 804 on the VoIP wireless terminal. As was previously described, examples of the WLAN encryption scheme are the WEP standard, the WPA standard, and the 802.11i encryption standard (WPA2), among others.

Layer 1 808 of the VoIP wireless terminal communicates directly with layer 1 816 of the wireless router via a wireless link of the WLAN. In servicing WLAN communications, the wireless router includes upper protocol layers 810, layers 2 and 3 812, and layer 1 816. The WLAN encryption scheme 814 serviced by the wireless router resides at layer 2 and/or layer 3 812.

Wireless router also includes protocol layers that service broadband communications with the VoIP service accumulator. These protocol layers include upper protocol layers 818, layer 2 and 3 820, and layer 1 824. One example of a broadband encryption scheme 822 serviced by the wireless router operates at layer 2 and/or layer 3. The broadband communications between the wireless router and the VoIP service accumulator are via a wired broadband connection, a wireless broadband connection, or an optical broadband connection. In communicating with the wireless router, the VoIP service accumulator includes layer 1 832, layer 2 and layer 3 828, and upper protocol layers 826.

FIG. 9 is a flow chart illustrating the operation of a wireless router according to another aspect of the present invention. Operations commence with the wireless router establishing a WLAN within a WLAN service area (step 902). Generally, a WLAN is established according to the standardized protocol operations set forth in the relevant operating standards, which have been previously described. The WLAN service area is typically setup about the wireless router. Next, operation includes establishing broadband communications via a broadband connection with a VoIP service accumulator (step 904). This broadband connection will be a wired connection, a wireless connection, or an optical connection. As was previously described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the broadband connection may be serviced by a cable modem network, an optical link, etc. Further, the broadband connection may be a wireless point-to-point connection or wireless cellular connection.

Operation continues with servicing a plurality of wireless terminals within the WLAN service area. Such servicing will include servicing at least one VoIP wireless terminal in the WLAN service area (step 906). The wireless router then receives a query from the VoIP service accumulator requesting information regarding the wireless router's prior servicing of VoIP calls (step 908). In response to this query, the wireless router gathers such information and prepares a response. The wireless router then responds to the VoIP service accumulator with information regarding the wireless router's prior servicing of VoIP calls (step 910).

At this time, or at another time, the wireless router may scan through supported WLAN channels to determine at least one preferred channel for servicing a VoIP call (step 912). The wireless router may then, based upon a VoIP call request, request and reserve broadband connection bandwidth consistent with the operations of FIG. 5 (step 914). The wireless router and the VoIP service accumulator subsequently service VoIP calls within the WLAN based upon the information regarding the wireless router's prior servicing of VoIP calls (step 916). In providing this service, the wireless router may use the at least one preferred channel for servicing the VoIP call that was optionally identified at step 912. Further, based upon the information, the VoIP service accumulator may limit delivery of VoIP calls that would otherwise be terminated by the wireless router.

In the operation of steps 908 and 910, the information regarding the wireless router's prior servicing of VoIP may be a percentage of a prior period during which the wireless router serviced at least one VoIP call, a percentage of a prior period during which the wireless router serviced a VoIP call with adequate service quality, or a percentage of a prior period during which the wireless router serviced a VoIP call with inadequate service quality. Of course, in other embodiments, the form that this information takes will differ.

FIG. 10 is a flow chart illustrating the operation of a wireless router according to still another aspect of the present invention. Operations commence with the wireless router establishing a WLAN within a WLAN service area (step 1002). Generally, a WLAN is established according to the standardized protocol operations set forth in the relevant operating standards, which have been previously described. The WLAN service area is typically setup about the wireless router. Next, operation includes establishing broadband communications via a broadband connection with a VoIP service accumulator (step 1004).

Operation continues with servicing a plurality of wireless terminals within the WLAN service area. Such servicing will include servicing at least one VoIP wireless terminal in the WLAN service area (step 1006). The wireless router then receives a query from the VoIP service accumulator requesting information regarding the wireless router's capability of servicing a VoIP call with an acceptable service quality level (step 1008). In response to this query, the wireless router gathers such information and prepares a response. The wireless router then responds to the VoIP service accumulator with information regarding the wireless router's capability of servicing a VoIP call with an acceptable service quality level (step 1010).

At this time, or at another time, the wireless router may scan through supported WLAN channels to determine at least one preferred channel for servicing a VoIP call (step 1012). The wireless router may then, based upon a VoIP call request, request and reserve broadband connection bandwidth consistent with the operations of FIG. 5 (step 1014). The wireless router and the VoIP service accumulator subsequently service VoIP calls within the WLAN based upon the information regarding the wireless router's capability of servicing a VoIP call with an acceptable service quality (step 1016). In providing this service, the wireless router may use the at least one preferred channel for servicing the VoIP call that was optionally identified at step 1012. Further, based upon the wireless router's reported ability to service VoIP calls, the VoIP service accumulator may limit delivery of VoIP calls that would otherwise be terminated by the wireless router.

In the operation of steps 1008 and 1010, the information regarding the wireless router's capability of servicing a VoIP call with an acceptable service quality level is a percentage of a prior period during which the wireless router was capable of servicing a VoIP call with an acceptable service quality level. In another embodiment, this information includes a percentage of a prior period during which the wireless router was incapable of servicing a VoIP call with an acceptable service quality level. Of course, in other embodiments, the form that this information takes will differ.

FIG. 11 is a graph illustrating one technique for collecting information regarding prior servicing of VoIP calls by a wireless router. Using this technique, the wireless router's history of VoIP call servicing is tracked and recorded for reporting to the VoIP service accumulator. As shown, from time T₀ to time T₁ the wireless router services no VoIP calls, from time T₁ to time T₂ the wireless router services one VoIP call, and from time T₂ to time T₃ the wireless router services no VoIP calls Likewise, from time T₃ to time T₄ the wireless router services one VoIP call, from time T₄ to time T₅ the wireless router services two VoIP call, and from time T₅ to time T₆ the wireless router services one VoIP call. Further, from time T₆ to time T₇, the wireless router services two VoIP calls, from time T₇ to time T₈ the wireless router services one VoIP call, and from time T₈ to time T₉ the wireless router services one VoIP call.

By tracking this information over a period, the wireless router determines a percentage of the period during which the wireless router serviced at least one VoIP call. Further, by measuring the quality of service provided for the serviced VoIP calls during this relevant period, the wireless router determines a percentage of the period during which the wireless router serviced a VoIP call with adequate service quality or, alternately, a percentage of the period during which the wireless router serviced a VoIP call with inadequate service quality.

FIGS. 12A and 12B are graphs illustrating one technique for collecting information regarding the wireless router's capability of servicing a VoIP call with an acceptable service quality level. Referring to FIG. 12A, information regarding excess broadband connection capacity is graphed over a relevant period. The information regarding excess broadband connection capacity indicates during what portions of the period the broadband connection was capable of servicing a VoIP call with an acceptable service quality level.

Referring to FIG. 12B, information regarding excess WLAN capacity is graphed over a relevant period. The information regarding excess WLAN capacity indicates during what portions of the period the WLAN was capable of servicing a VoIP call with an acceptable service quality level. By combining the information of FIGS. 12A and 12B over the relevant period, the wireless router determines during what portions of the period the wireless router was capable of servicing a VoIP call with an acceptable service quality level. This information may then be used in subsequent operations and for reporting to the VoIP service accumulator.

In some embodiments, the information regarding the wireless router's capability of servicing a VoIP call with an acceptable service quality indicates a percentage of a prior period during which the wireless router was capable of servicing a VoIP call with an acceptable service quality level. In other embodiments, this information indicates a percentage of a prior period during which the wireless router was incapable of servicing a VoIP call with an acceptable service quality level.

FIG. 13 is a graph illustrating information collected by a wireless router and used to determine at least one preferred channel for servicing a VoIP call. As previously described, the wireless router may scan through its supported WLAN channels, for example, Ch₁, Ch₂ and Ch₃, to determine at least one preferred channel for servicing a VoIP call and the wireless router subsequently using the at least one preferred channel for servicing the VoIP call. In performing such scanning, the wireless router considers a channel quality metric such as the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), the received channel energy, or another metric to indicate the channel quality. This metric of course must be relevant to the servicing of communications on the channel. This information is gathered over a plurality of time intervals, for example, time interval 1, time interval 2, etc. Then, based upon these channel quality metrics, the wireless router determines one or more of the channels that will be preferred for use in servicing VoIP calls.

As may be used herein, the terms “substantially” and “approximately” provides an industry-accepted tolerance for its corresponding term and/or relativity between items. Such an industry-accepted tolerance ranges from less than one percent to fifty percent and corresponds to, but is not limited to, component values, integrated circuit process variations, temperature variations, rise and fall times, and/or thermal noise. Such relativity between items ranges from a difference of a few percent to magnitude differences. As may also be used herein, the term(s) “operably coupled to”, “coupled to”, and/or “coupling” includes direct coupling between items and/or indirect coupling between items via an intervening item (for example, an item includes, but is not limited to, a component, an element, a circuit, and/or a module) where, for indirect coupling, the intervening item does not modify the information of a signal but may adjust its current level, voltage level, and/or power level. As may further be used herein, inferred coupling (that is, where one element is coupled to another element by inference) includes direct and indirect coupling between two items in the same manner as “coupled to”. As may even further be used herein, the term “operable to” or “operably coupled to” indicates that an item includes one or more of power connections, input(s), output(s), etc., to perform, when activated, one or more its corresponding functions and may further include inferred coupling to one or more other items. As may still further be used herein, the term “associated with”, includes direct and/or indirect coupling of separate items and/or one item being embedded within another item. As may be used herein, the term “compares favorably”, indicates that a comparison between two or more items, signals, etc., provides a desired relationship. For example, when the desired relationship is that signal 1 has a greater magnitude than signal 2, a favorable comparison may be achieved when the magnitude of signal 1 is greater than that of signal 2 or when the magnitude of signal 2 is less than that of signal 1.

As may also be used herein, the terms “processing module”, “module”, “processing circuit”, and/or “processing unit” may be a single processing device or a plurality of processing devices. Such a processing device may be a microprocessor, micro-controller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit, field programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, logic circuitry, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or any device that manipulates signals (analog and/or digital) based on hard coding of the circuitry and/or operational instructions. The processing module, module, processing circuit, and/or processing unit may have an associated memory and/or an integrated memory element, which may be a single memory device, a plurality of memory devices, and/or embedded circuitry of the processing module, module, processing circuit, and/or processing unit. Such a memory device may be a read-only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static memory, dynamic memory, flash memory, cache memory, and/or any device that stores digital information. Note that if the processing module, module, processing circuit, and/or processing unit includes more than one processing device, the processing devices may be centrally located (for example, directly coupled together via a wired and/or wireless bus structure) or may be distributedly located (for example, cloud computing via indirect coupling via a local area network and/or a wide area network). Further note that if the processing module, module, processing circuit, and/or processing unit implements one or more of its functions via a state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry, the memory and/or memory element storing the corresponding operational instructions may be embedded within, or external to, the circuitry comprising the state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry. Still further note that, the memory element may store, and the processing module, module, processing circuit, and/or processing unit executes, hard coded and/or operational instructions corresponding to at least some of the steps and/or functions illustrated in one or more of the Figures. Such a memory device or memory element can be included in an article of manufacture.

The present invention has been described above with the aid of method steps illustrating the performance of specified functions and relationships thereof. The boundaries and sequence of these functional building blocks and method steps have been arbitrarily defined herein for convenience of description. Alternate boundaries and sequences can be defined so long as the specified functions and relationships are appropriately performed. Any such alternate boundaries or sequences are thus within the scope and spirit of the claimed invention. Further, the boundaries of these functional building blocks have been arbitrarily defined for convenience of description. Alternate boundaries could be defined as long as the certain significant functions are appropriately performed. Similarly, flow diagram blocks may also have been arbitrarily defined herein to illustrate certain significant functionality. To the extent used, the flow diagram block boundaries and sequence could have been defined otherwise and still perform the certain significant functionality. Such alternate definitions of both functional building blocks and flow diagram blocks and sequences are thus within the scope and spirit of the claimed invention. One of average skill in the art will also recognize that the functional building blocks, and other illustrative blocks, modules and components herein, can be implemented as illustrated or by discrete components, application specific integrated circuits, processors executing appropriate software and the like or any combination thereof.

The present invention may have also been described, at least in part, in terms of one or more embodiments. An embodiment of the present invention is used herein to illustrate the present invention, an aspect thereof, a feature thereof, a concept thereof, and/or an example thereof. A physical embodiment of an apparatus, an article of manufacture, a machine, and/or of a process that embodies the present invention may include one or more of the aspects, features, concepts, examples, etc. described with reference to one or more of the embodiments discussed herein. Further, from figure to figure, the embodiments may incorporate the same or similarly named functions, steps, modules, etc. that may use the same or different reference numbers and, as such, the functions, steps, modules, etc. may be the same or similar functions, steps, modules, etc. or different ones.

The invention disclosed herein is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms. Specific embodiments therefore have been shown by way of example in the drawings and detailed description. It should be understood, however, that the drawings and description thereto are not intended to limit the invention to the particular form disclosed, but on the contrary, the invention is to cover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method in a wireless router for servicing at least one Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) wireless terminal, the method comprising: receiving a query from a VoIP service accumulator requesting information, wherein the information regards prior servicing of VoIP calls by the wireless router; responding to the query from the VoIP service accumulator with the information regarding the prior servicing of VoIP calls by the wireless router, the information further including a bandwidth reservation request to the VoIP service accumulator to reserve capacity on a broadband connection for servicing of a VoIP call; receiving a bandwidth reservation response from the VoIP service accumulator to confirm reservation of capacity by the broadband connection for servicing the VoIP call; and servicing, via the VoIP service accumulator, the VoIP call based upon the information.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the information regarding the prior servicing of VoIP calls by the wireless router comprises at least one of: a percentage of a prior period during which the wireless router serviced at least one VoIP call; a percentage of a prior period during which the wireless router serviced the at least one VoIP call with adequate service quality; and a percentage of a prior period during which the wireless router serviced the at least one VoIP call with inadequate service quality.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: scanning through supported WLAN channels to determine at least one preferred channel for servicing the VoIP call; and subsequently using the at least one preferred channel for servicing the VoIP call.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the broadband connection is serviced by a cable modem network; and the VoIP service accumulator is an element of the cable modem network.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the broadband connection is a wireless-based connection including at least one of a cellular network connection, a microwave connection, and a fixed wireless connection.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the broadband connection is a wired connection including at least one of a Direct Subscriber Line (DSL) connection, a DSL2 connection, an Asymmetric DSL (ADSL) connection, and an ADSL2 connection.
 7. The method claim 1, further comprising: determining that the at least one VoIP wireless terminal desires VoIP call servicing; determining that the VoIP call is being serviced by a cellular network; determining that the at least one VoIP wireless terminal has roamed into a WLAN service area serviced by the wireless router; determining that handover of the VoIP call to the WLAN service area is desired; and handing over the VoIP call from the cellular network to the WLAN service area.
 8. A method in a wireless router for servicing a plurality of wireless terminals within a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) service area, the plurality of wireless terminals including at least one Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) wireless terminal, the method comprising: receiving a query from a VoIP service accumulator requesting information, wherein the information regards a capability of the wireless router to service a VoIP call within an acceptable service quality level, the VoIP service accumulator associated with a broadband connection capable of supporting broadband communications; responding to the VoIP service accumulator query with information regarding the capability of the wireless router to service the VoIP call within the acceptable service quality level; and servicing, via the VoIP service accumulator, the VoIP call within the WLAN service area based upon the information regarding the capability of the wireless router to service the VoIP call within the acceptable service quality.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the information regarding the capability of the wireless router to service the VoIP call with an acceptable service quality level comprises at least one of: a percentage of a prior period during which the wireless router was capable of servicing a VoIP call with the acceptable service quality level; and a percentage of a prior period during which the wireless router was incapable of servicing a VoIP call with the acceptable service quality level.
 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising: scanning through supported WLAN channels of the WLAN service area to determine at least one preferred channel for servicing the VoIP call; and subsequently using the at least one preferred channel for servicing the VoIP call.
 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the broadband connection comprises a wireless-based connection including at least one of a cellular network connection, a microwave connection, and a fixed wireless connection.
 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the broadband connection comprises a wired connection including at least one of a Direct Subscriber Line (DSL) connection, a DSL2 connection, an Asymmetric DSL (ADSL) connection, and an ADSL2 connection.
 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising: limiting access to the WLAN service area to adequately service the VoIP call based upon the acceptable service quality level.
 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising: determining that the at least one VoIP wireless terminal desires VoIP call servicing; sending a bandwidth reservation request to the VoIP service accumulator to reserve capacity on the broadband connection for servicing of the VoIP call; receiving a bandwidth reservation response from the VoIP service accumulator to confirm reservation of capacity on the broadband connection for servicing of the VoIP call; and servicing the VoIP call for the at least one VoIP wireless terminal via the WLAN service area and the broadband connection.
 15. The method of claim 8, further comprising: determining that the at least one VoIP wireless terminal desires VoIP call servicing; determining that the at least one VoIP call is being serviced by a cellular network; determining that the at least one VoIP wireless terminal has roamed into the WLAN service area; determining that handover of the VoIP call to the WLAN service area is desired; and handing over the VoIP call from the cellular network to the WLAN service area.
 16. The method of claim 8, further comprising: sending a bandwidth reservation request to the VoIP service accumulator to reserve capacity on the broadband connection for servicing of the VoIP call; and receiving a bandwidth reservation response from the VoIP service accumulator to confirm reservation of capacity on the broadband connection for servicing of the VoIP call.
 17. A wireless router comprising: a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) interface; a broadband interface; and a processing unit communicatively coupled to the WLAN interface and to the broadband interface, wherein the processing unit is operable to: direct the WLAN interface to service a plurality of wireless terminals within a WLAN service area, the plurality of wireless terminals including at least one Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) wireless terminal; direct the broadband interface to establish broadband communications with a VoIP service accumulator via a broadband connection; receive a query from the VoIP service accumulator requesting information, wherein the information regards prior servicing of VoIP calls by the wireless router; respond to the VoIP service accumulator with the information regarding the prior servicing of the VoIP calls by the wireless router; direct the WLAN interface to scan through supported WLAN channels of the WLAN service area to determine at least one preferred channel for servicing a VoIP call; direct the WLAN interface to subsequently use the at least one preferred channel to service the VoIP call; and direct the WLAN interface and the broadband interface to service the VoIP call for the at least one VoIP wireless terminal via the WLAN service area and the broadband connection based upon the information.
 18. The wireless router of claim 17, wherein the information regarding the prior servicing of the VoIP calls by the wireless router comprises at least one of: a percentage of a prior period during which the wireless router serviced at least one VoIP call of the VoIP calls; a percentage of a prior period during which the wireless router serviced the VoIP calls with adequate service quality; and a percentage of a prior period during which the wireless router serviced the VoIP calls with inadequate service quality.
 19. The wireless router of claim 17, wherein the processing unit is further operable to: determine that the at least one VoIP wireless terminal desires VoIP call servicing; send a bandwidth reservation request to the VoIP service accumulator to reserve capacity on the broadband connection for servicing of the VoIP call; receive a bandwidth reservation response from the VoIP service accumulator to confirm reservation of capacity on the broadband connection for servicing of the VoIP call; and service the VoIP call for the at least one VoIP wireless terminal via the WLAN service area and the broadband connection.
 20. The wireless router of claim 17, wherein the processing unit is further operable to: determine that the at least one VoIP wireless terminal desires VoIP call servicing; determine that the at least one VoIP call is being serviced by a cellular network; determine that the at least one VoIP wireless terminal has roamed into the WLAN service area; determine that handover of the VoIP call to the WLAN service area is desired; and hand over the VoIP call from the cellular network to the WLAN service area. 